Tourette's syndrome
The first stage in diagnosing Tourettes syndrome is to rule out other possible causes of your childs symptoms.
Other possible causes include:
It's also necessary to rule out other conditions that can cause tic-like behaviours, such as:
To help rule out these conditions, your child may be referred to a number of experts, such as:
Brain-imaging scans, such as computerised tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, can also be used to check for any brain or nervous system abnormalities suggesting a neurological cause for your childs symptoms, other than Tourettes syndrome. However, most children with tics or Tourettes syndrome don't require a brain scan.
There's currently no single test for Tourettes syndrome. A diagnosis can only be made by assessing your childs symptoms to see whether they follow the pattern usually associated with the syndrome.
A confident diagnosis of Tourettes syndrome can usually be made if your child:
If your child is diagnosed with Tourettes syndrome, you may want to find out as much as you can about it, including available treatments and support.
A good place to start is Tourettes Action , a UK charity for people with the syndrome.
Tourette's syndrome is a neurological condition, characterised by a combination of involuntary noises and movements called tics.
If your child has tics, it does not necessarily mean that they have Tourettes syndrome.
The cause of Tourettes syndrome is unknown. However, it is thought to be linked to problems with an area of the brain known as the basal ganglia.
In diagnosing Tourettes syndrome, the first stage is to rule out other possible causes of your childs symptoms.
Behavioural therapy and medication are the main treatments for Tourette's syndrome. Rarely, in severe cases, surgery or deep brain stimulation may be used.
Tourette's syndrome is often associated with psychological and behavioural problems, as well as learning difficulties.
Joanna was diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome in her 30s, and has had tics all her life. She describes what effects different medications had on her.