Scoliosis
In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown and it cannot usually be prevented.
It is not thought to be linked with things such as bad posture, exercise or diet.
If the cause of scoliosis is unknown, it is called idiopathic scoliosis. About eight out of every 10 cases of scoliosis are idiopathic.
However, researchers have found there is a family history of the condition in some idiopathic cases, which suggests a possible genetic link.
Idiopathic scoliosis can affect adults and children. Some cases may only become noticable in later life.
In a small number of cases, a cause is identified.
Some cases of scoliosis are caused by conditions that affect the nerves and muscles (neuromuscular conditions), such as:
Scoliosis can also develop as part of a pattern of symptoms called a syndrome. This is known as syndromic scoliosis. Conditions that can cause syndromic scoliosis include:
These conditions are usually diagnosed at a young age and children with them are often monitored for problems such as scoliosis.
In rare cases, babies can be born with scoliosis. This is known as congenital scoliosis. Congenital scoliosis is caused by the bones in the spine developing abnormally in the womb.
In adults, scoliosis can sometimes be caused by gradual deterioration to the parts of the spine. This is known as degenerative scoliosis.
This can occur because some parts of the spine become narrower and weaker ( osteoporosis ) with age.
Scoliosis is the abnormal twisting and sideways curvature of the spine.
In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown and the condition cannot usually be prevented.
Scoliosis can usually be diagnosed after a physical examination of the spine, ribs, hips and shoulders.
If your child has scoliosis, the treatment recommended for them will depend on their age and the severity of their condition.
Back pain is one of the main problems caused by scoliosis in adults, so treatment is mainly aimed at pain relief.
Physical complications of scoliosis are rare, although serious problems can develop if the condition is left untreated.