Congenital cataracts
Cataracts occur when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent (clear). This results in cloudy or misty vision.
The lens is the transparent structure located just behind the pupil (the black circle in the centre of the eye). It allows light to pass through to the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye (retina).
Cataracts most commonly affect older adults ( Cataracts ), but some babies are born with cataractsand children can also develop them at a young age. These are known as childhood cataracts.
Childhood cataracts are often referred to as:
Cataracts in babies and children are rare. It's estimated they affect between threeand four in every 10,000 children in the UK.
In children, cataracts canaffect one or both eyes. Cloudy patches in the lens can sometimes get bigger and more can develop, resulting in the child's vision becoming increasingly affected.
As well as poor vision, cataracts can also cause"wobbling eyes" and a squint (where the eyes point in different directions).
When yourchild is very young, it can be difficult to spot signs of cataracts. However, your baby's eyes will be routinely examined within 72 hours of birth and again when they're six to eight weeks old. Sometimes, cataracts can develop in children after these screening tests.
It's particularly important to spot cataracts in children quickly because early treatment can reduce the risk of long-term vision problems. Therefore, you shouldvisit your GP or tell your health visitor if you have any concerns about your child's eyesight.
However,in many cases it isn't possible to determine the exact cause.
Possible causes include:
However, if cataracts are affecting your child's vision, they can slow down or stop their normal sight development. In these cases, surgery to remove the affected lens (or lenses) will usually be recommended as soon as possible.
Replacingthe focusing power of the lens is as important as the surgery to remove it. The affected lens may sometimes be replaced with an artificial lens during surgery, although it's more common for the child to wear contact lenses or glasses after surgery to compensate for the lens that was removed.
It can be difficult to predict exactly how much better your child's vision will be after treatment, although it's likely there will always be a degree of reduced vision in the affected eye (or eyes). However, many children with childhood cataracts are able to live a full and normal life.
The most common risk associated with cataract surgery is a condition that can affect artificial lens implants called posterior capsule opacification (PCO), which causes cloudy vision to return.
Another important risk of surgery is glaucoma , where pressure builds inside the eye. Without successful treatment, glaucoma can cause irreversible damage to key structures in the eye.
Although some of the possible complications of cataract surgery can affect your child's vision, they can often be treated with medication or further surgery.
Genetic counselling can help couples who may be at risk of passing an inherited condition on to their child.
This helps scientists look for better ways to prevent and treat this condition. You can opt out of the register at any time.
Find out about childhood cataracts which occur when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent, resulting in blurred or misty vision.
Symptoms of childhood cataracts can vary depending on how cloudy the lens is, where the cloudiness is in the lens and whether one or both eyes are affected.
Read about the possible causes of childhood cataracts including genes and genetic conditions and infections during pregnancy, such as rubella, chickenpox and toxoplasmosis.
Find out how childhood cataracts are diagnosed with the help of newborn screening, vision tests during early childhood and referral to an ophthalmologist (eye specialist).
Read about the treatment options for childhood cataracts. Cataract surgery will usually only be recommended if your child's vision is affected.
Read about the complications of cataract surgery, including posterior capsule opacification (PCO) where part of the lens capsule thickens, causing cloudy vision.