Hypopigmentation
In albinism,t he lack of the pigmentmelanin affects the colour of a person'shair, skin and/or eyes.
The most common type of albinism, called oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), affects all of these. A rarer typecalledocular albinism (OA) mainly affects the eyes, although a person with the condition may also have skin and hair that is fairer than the rest of their family.
A personwith albinism will oftenhave white or very light blonde hair. However,some people have brown or ginger hair. The exact hair colour will depend on how much melanin their body produces.
People with albinism also have very pale skin thatwill usually nottan and burns easily in the sun.
A personwith albinismis missing the pigment from their irises (the coloured part of the eye). As a result, they willusually have very pale blue or grey eyes. The missing pigment can also cause other eye conditions, such as:
Young babies with albinism often appear to have severe vision problems and, although their sight tends to rapidly improve during the first six months, itwill never usually reach normal levels.
Young children with albinism may appear clumsy, because their reduced vision can affect their ability to learn certain actions and movements, such as picking up an object or learning how to crawl. But as the child develops, and with aids to help their vision, this should improve.
Signs and symptoms of albinism can also be found in people withsimilar conditions, such asHermansky Pudlak syndrome (HPS) andChediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS).
These are rare genetic conditions that can cause other symptoms in addition to the signs of albinism described above.
HPS can also cause bleeding disorders, such as uncontrollable bleeding or bruising easily. It can also affect the heart, kidneys, lungs and gut. CHS can weaken the immune system and lead to an increased risk of infections.
Speak to your GP if your child has albinism and you notice that they bleed a lot, bruise easily, or that they become ill frequently.
Albinism is an inherited condition that affects the production of melanin, the pigment that colours the skin, hair and eyes.
In albinism, the lack of the pigment melanin affects the colour of a person's hair, skin and/or eyes.
Albinism is caused by a lack of the pigment melanin, which gives hair, skin and eyes their colour.
In most cases, albinism will be obvious from a baby's characteristics when they are born.
Albinism itself does not need to be treated, but the associated skin and eye problems often do.